تاثیر مولفه‌های ثبات سیاسی (ثبات حکومت، شرایط اجتماعی – اقتصادی، ریسک مصادره و عدم برگشت سود سرمایه و فساد) بر توسعه اقتصادی ترکیه: 2023-2002 میلادی

عباس امینی فر; فریدون اکبر زاده; فرزاد نویدی نیا

Authors

Abbas Amini Far Department of International Relations, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0520-6663
Fereydoun Akbarzadeh Department of Political Science, And.C., Islamic Azad University, Andimeahk, Iran. Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7437-7321
Farzad Navidi Nia Department of Political Science, And.C., Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-2796

Keywords:

Political stability, economic development, corruption, internal conflict, risk of capital confiscation

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to explain the impact of political stability components on Turkey’s economic development from 2002 to 2023. The main research question was: What effects did the four indicators of political stability—government stability, socioeconomic conditions, risk of capital expropriation, and corruption—have on Turkey’s economic development between 2002 and 2023? It was hypothesized that political stability contributed to Turkey’s economic development by promoting investment and ensuring stability in economic policies, laws, and strategies. This study employed a descriptive–analytical method and was based on four political stability indicators derived from the International Country Risk Guide. The findings indicated that government stability contributed to the strengthening of infrastructure and improved the efficiency of governmental institutions. Socioeconomic conditions negatively affected economic development, particularly because of the government’s limited success in reducing poverty and narrowing disparities in wealth and income within society. The risk of capital expropriation in Turkey remained low, and investment in the country generated adequate returns for investors. However, the confiscation of numerous companies and real estate assets following the 2016 coup attempt raised concerns. Regarding the corruption indicator, the Turkish government’s measures to reform and enact legislation concerning transparency and access to information, as well as the establishment of an ethics board for public officials, positively influenced the attraction of foreign investment.

References

Addison, T. (2008). Development. In Issues in the Third World: Politics in the Developing World. Qomes Publishing.

Aisen, A., & Veiga, F. (2011). How Does Political Instability Affect Economic Growth? (Imf Working Paper, Issue.

Apaydin, F. (2024). Repression and Growth in the Periphery of Europe: The Politics of a Changing Growth Regime in Turkey. Competition & Change.

Arslan, H., & Duran, H. (2021). Social Capital and Regional Development in Turkey. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(3).

Aydin, M. (2022). The Impacts of Political Stability, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth on Tourism in Turkey: New Evidence from a Fourier Bootstrap ARDL Approach. Renewable Energy, 190.

Bertelsmann, S. (2025). Turkey Country Report 2024. https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/TUR

Ebrahimi, J. (2020). How Does the Turkish Government Support Producers? https://snn.ir/fa/news/816818/

Ertai, G. (2025). Turkey Ended 2023 with Record Tourism Figures. https://barysmedia.com/en/t-rkija-2023-zhyldy-rekordty-turizm-k-rsetkishterimen-aja-tady

Fakheri, H. (2023). Severe Dissatisfaction in Turkey over a 30 Percent Wage Increase. https://www.irna.ir/news/85012878/

Golkhandan, A., & Mohammadian, S. (2023). The Impact of Political Instability Indicators on Economic Growth in Mesopotamian Countries. Quarterly Journal of Mesopotamian Political Studies, 2(3).

Haghparast, H. (2024). Twenty Points on Turkey's Economy and Trade. https://civilica.com/note/618/

Karagol, E. (2013). The Turkish Economy During the Justice and Development Party Decade. Insight Turkey.

Keshishian, G., & Soheili, S. (2019). The Effects of Government Policy on Turkey's Economic Development and Integration into the Global Economy, 1990–2017. World Politics Quarterly, 8(1).

Malekmohammadi, H., & Haghnas, M. J. (2013). Anticorruption Policymaking in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a Proposed Optimal Model: A Comparative Study of Turkey and Pakistan. Politics Quarterly, 43(1).

Mosallanejad, A., & Akbari, S. (2012). The Role of the State in Turkey's Economic Development over the Past Three Decades. Quarterly Journal of Social Development of Iran(2).

Mousavi Jahromi, Y. (2012). Economic Development and Planning. Payam Noor University Press.

Parlar, D. (2019). Turkey's Political Economy in the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan.

Rasoulinejad, E., & Firouzi, Z. S. (2022). The Political Economy of Turkey During the Justice and Development Party Era, 2002–2022. Quarterly Journal of National Interests Studies, 7(28).

Sanaei, A., & Saremi, M. (2018). The Role of Economic Policymaking in Turkey's Political Stability After 2002. Quarterly Journal of International Relations Studies, 11(42).

Talei-Hour, R., & Asgarian, F. (2024). The Role of Economic Policies in Consolidating Political Power: The Case of Turkey. West Asia Quarterly, 2(3).

Weerachai, S. (2024). Political Stability as a Driver of Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from Southeast Asia and Thailand

Yesilada, A. (2025). Wealth Inequality Deepens in Turkey as the Rich Grow Richer. https://www.paturkey.com/news/2025/wealth-inequality-deepens-in-turkey-as-the-rich-grow-richer-20486/

Zolfaghari, V. (2021). The Political Economy of Development and Democracy in Turkey During the Turgut Özal Era, 1983–1993. Biannual Journal of Applied and Fundamental Studies of the Islamic World(9).