Artificial Intelligence as a New Component of National Power: A Comparative Analysis of Policymaking in Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years has had profound effects on various domains, including the economy, politics, national security, and international relations. This study comparatively examines AI policymaking and its impact on the national power of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The primary objective of the study is to analyze these countries’ strategies for the development and application of artificial intelligence and to investigate how this technology affects their national power and position in the international arena. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, the study examines the AI policies adopted by Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence can function as a strategic instrument for enhancing national power, strengthening economic competitiveness, and reinforcing national security, and that countries at the forefront of this field are likely to enjoy significant advantages at the international level. In addition to examining the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of this technology, the study elucidates its role in transforming the rules governing international relations and the global balance of power, while emphasizing the importance of artificial intelligence in diplomatic policies and strategic decision-making. The findings further underscore that artificial intelligence, as a strategic instrument in national and international policymaking, can contribute to strengthening both the soft and hard power of leading countries. The results also demonstrate that Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, through targeted investment and effective policymaking in the field of AI, can enhance their economic competitiveness and strengthen their security position at both regional and global levels. The study also identifies major challenges to the development of artificial intelligence in these countries, including the need for appropriate infrastructure and specialized human resources.