Examining the Relationship of the Time Element with Criminal Rulings (Qiṣāṣ and Diyāt) at the Stage of Enforcement of Judgment and Execution of Punishment in Imāmī Jurisprudence and Iranian Positive Law
Keywords:
ratio, time, criminal sentences, retribution, blood money, aggravation and mitigation of punishmentAbstract
Criminal rulings, like other legal rulings, are contingent upon and conditioned by specific requirements and regulations. One of the constraints that is sometimes legislated as a cause or a condition of criminal rulings is the element of time. By means of an applied analysis of selected criminal rulings—specifically qiṣāṣ (retaliation) and diyāt (blood money)—this study seeks to answer the following question: Does the enforcement of criminal rulings (qiṣāṣ and diyāt) at the stage of executing the judgment and administering punishment bear any relationship with an element called “time”? And if such a relationship exists, what are the nature and characteristics of this relationship? The findings indicate that the element of time has an effective and influential relationship with criminal rulings (qiṣāṣ and diyāt) at the stage of enforcement of judgment and execution of punishment, and in certain circumstances leads to modification, lapse, mitigation, aggravation, postponement, and other alterations in these criminal rulings.
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