Clarifying the Foundations of Conflict Between the Rights of the Contracting Parties and the Right of Preemption in Iranian Jurisprudence and Law
Keywords:
Right of pre, emption, interference, buyer, seller, sale, commitmentAbstract
The conflict between the rights of the contracting parties (buyer and seller) and the right of preemption in Iranian jurisprudence and law is a complex issue related to competing interests and rights of different persons in the process of real property transactions. The right of preemption, as a jurisprudential instrument aimed at protecting the original purchaser against the entry of unwanted third parties into co-ownership, is established on the basis of Islamic verses and traditions. This right allows co-owners to acquire, at the agreed price, the share sold by their partner when such a transfer occurs. In contrast, the rights of the contracting parties encompass the rights and obligations of the buyer and the seller under a contract of sale, which must be duly respected. This conflict becomes particularly evident when a new purchaser is confronted with the right of preemption; in such cases, Iranian jurisprudence and law address the prioritization of rights and applicable legal obligations. Under Iranian law, the preemptor must declare the exercise of the right within a specified period in order to prevent harm to the rights of the contracting parties. In this regard, the rule of “lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār fī al-Islām” (no harm and no reciprocating harm in Islam) likewise emphasizes the prevention of harm to others and operates as a jurisprudential foundation for protecting the rights of the contracting parties. Accordingly, the aim of the present article is to clarify the foundations of the conflict between the rights of the contracting parties and the right of preemption in Iranian jurisprudence and law through a descriptive–analytical method, and to indicate that achieving a balance between the right of preemption and the rights of the contracting parties requires careful attention to legal and jurisprudential texts so as to prevent legal complications and to ensure the proper protection of the rights of the contracting parties.
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