سیاست جنایی کیفری میان حمایت از مصالح اجتماعی و تضمین حاکمیت قانون عراق: مطالعه‌ای تحلیلی

برهان خلیل ابراهیم  القیسی; علی صادقی

Authors

Burhan Khaleel Ibrahim Al-Qaisy PhD student, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0155-3362
Ali Sadeghi Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4786-6714

Keywords:

Criminal policy, criminal policy, protected interest, criminalization, criminal justice, rule of law

Abstract

Penal criminal policy is one of the most important instruments available to the state for protecting society’s fundamental interests, combating criminal conduct, and ensuring the rule of law. This policy is implemented through defining the scope of criminalization, selecting proportionate punishments, enacting substantive and procedural criminal laws, and organizing the functions of legislative, judicial, and executive institutions. Using a descriptive–analytical method, the present study examines the concept and nature of penal criminal policy, its fields of application, and the status of the legally protected interest. It also analyzes the role of this policy in achieving general and specific deterrence, protecting public order, ensuring criminal justice, and establishing social order. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of penal criminal policy does not depend solely on the severity of punishments; rather, it requires proportionality between crime and punishment, adherence to the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, guarantees of a fair trial, the elimination of legislative gaps, and the alignment of criminal laws with social developments and contemporary methods of committing crime. Accordingly, an appropriate criminal policy must effectively protect social interests while preventing the unjustified expansion of criminalization and punishment and ensuring the fair and equal application of the law.

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