Effects of Fundamental Human Rights in the International and Islamic Human Rights Systems
Keywords:
Human rights system, Islamic human rights, Fundamental human rights, Peremptory norms, Universal Declaration of Human RightsAbstract
Fundamental human rights, as inalienable and non-derogable rights, occupy a central position in both international and Islamic legal systems. These rights not only serve as guarantees for the inherent dignity of human beings but also leave profound and far-reaching effects on the legal structures of both systems. In the international human rights system, fundamental rights, due to their jus cogens nature, play a pivotal role in the international responsibility of states and exert wide-ranging influence in areas such as humanitarian law, international trade, universal criminal jurisdiction, and the limitation of state sovereignty. In the Islamic human rights system as well, drawing on sources such as the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and ijtihad, fundamental rights are recognized as rights originating from human nature and divine will. The effects of these rights in Islamic jurisprudence and legal principles are reflected through doctrines such as the prohibition of harm (la darar), justice, restitution of rights, and respect for human life. Despite commonalities such as human dignity and universality of scope, significant differences are observed in the logic of derivation, scope of application, and implementation of these rights in the two systems. These differences, in practice, result in distinct legal, social, and executive consequences, the analysis of which provides a proper pathway for intercultural dialogue and the promotion of a shared understanding of justice and human rights.
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