آثار حقوق بنیادین بشر در نظام حقوق بشر بینالمللی و اسلامی
کلمات کلیدی:
نظام حقوق بشر, حقوق بشر اسلامی, حقوق بنیادین بشر, قواعد آمره, اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشرچکیده
حقوق بنیادین بشر بهعنوان حقوقی غیرقابل سلب و تعلیق، جایگاهی محوری در نظامهای حقوقی بینالمللی و اسلامی دارد. این دسته از حقوق، نهتنها به مثابه ضمانتهایی برای کرامت ذاتی انسان مطرحاند، بلکه آثار عمیق و دامنهداری در ساختار حقوقی هر دو نظام بر جای گذاشتهاند. در نظام حقوق بشر بینالمللی، حقوق بنیادین بهدلیل ماهیت آمره، نقشی اساسی در مسئولیت بینالمللی دولتها ایفا میکنند و در حوزههایی همچون حقوق بشردوستانه، تجارت بینالملل، صلاحیت کیفری جهانی و محدودسازی حاکمیت دولتها دارای اثرگذاری گستردهاند. در نظام حقوق بشر اسلامی نیز، با تکیه بر منابعی چون قرآن، سنت و اجتهاد، حقوق بنیادین بهمثابه حقوقی برخاسته از فطرت و اراده الهی شناسایی میشوند. آثار این حقوق در فقه و اصول فقه از طریق قواعدی چون نفی ضرر، عدالت، استیفای حق و احترام به نفس انسانی بازتاب مییابد. با وجود نقاط اشتراک چون کرامت انسانی و عمومیت در شمول، تفاوتهای قابل توجهی در منطق استنباط، دامنه شمول و نحوه اجرای این حقوق در دو نظام دیده میشود. این تفاوتها در عمل منجر به بروز آثار متمایزی در زمینههای حقوقی، اجتماعی و اجرایی میگردد که تحلیل آنها، مسیر مناسبی برای گفتوگوی بینفرهنگی و ارتقای فهم مشترک از عدالت و حقوق بشر فراهم میسازد.
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حق نشر 2025 Taha Teimouri (Author); Malek Zolgadr (Corresponding author); Seyed Frashid Jafari Pabandi (Author)

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