Production and Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons from the Perspective of International Law

Abstract

The nuclear weapon, as the latest technological achievement of humankind in the field of armaments, is the most destructive military tool ever created. The intensity of its effects is incomparable to other weapons of mass destruction. This weapon is far more dangerous and terrifying than biological and chemical weapons, which are also classified as weapons of mass destruction. Despite the devastating consequences and unbearable suffering caused by biological and chemical weapons, the level of fear and public apprehension toward nuclear weapons is unparalleled. The present study aims to answer the question of how the production and proliferation of nuclear weapons are perceived in international law. This research has been conducted using a library-based (documentary) method and a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of this study indicate that neither the production and proliferation of nuclear weapons (justified by deterrence theory) can be considered a peaceful method for conflict resolution, nor can the regulation of international relations based on nuclear power (Cold War doctrine) be deemed an appropriate strategy for strengthening international relations and cooperation. The prohibition of nuclear weapons production and proliferation has been pursued through the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral treaties and the adoption of measures aimed at preventing production and horizontal proliferation, establishing nuclear-weapon-free zones, and enforcing bans. The limited success of international law in nuclear disarmament and the obstacles in its path are primarily due to mutual fear and insecurity arising from the arms race in international relations. To ensure public security for all and create a favorable regional and international environment for disarmament, the concept of security must be based on mutual trust, shared interests, equality, and reciprocal cooperation.