Challenges of Iranian Criminal Law in Addressing Violence Against Women

Abstract

Violence against women refers to behavior that, due to gender, causes harm or damage to their body, mind, personality, dignity, or results in restrictions and deprivation of their legal rights and freedoms. Under the framework of international documents addressing violence against women, most countries worldwide have considered or criminalized various forms of violence. Iranian criminal policy also aims to protect women against violence; however, the existing general laws face challenges and shortcomings, such as forced marriage, domestic violence, and honor killings. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article examines various forms of violence, the legislator's perspective, and the challenges and gaps in Iran's criminal policy regarding violence against women. The article argues that repressive policies, even with an emphasis on prevention and deterrence, cannot eradicate this issue from society. Instead, cultural transformation through mindset changes, institutionalizing human discourse, and empowering women—alongside comprehensive legislation with effective enforcement guarantees—is necessary. The approval of the bill titled “Prevention of Harm to Women and Enhancement of Their Security Against Abuse” is considered a remedy for the existing deficiencies.