A Critique and Review of Ayatollah Beheshti's Theory on the Role of the People in Governance and Its Impact on the Electoral System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive critique and analysis of Ayatollah Beheshti's theory on the role of the people in governance and its impact on the electoral system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Beheshti's theory, as one of the fundamental principles of the Iranian Constitution, emphasizes religious democracy and the active participation of the people in political decision-making. This article examines the historical and intellectual background of this theory and analyzes its strengths and weaknesses. Among its strengths are the integration of democratic principles with Islamic values and the institutionalization of public participation. However, challenges such as the conflict between religious democracy and the guardianship of the jurist (Velayat-e Faqih) and practical limitations in electoral processes are identified as key weaknesses. The article also assesses the extent to which Beheshti's theory aligns with the social and political realities of the Islamic Republic and offers suggestions for its development or revision. The findings indicate that, despite its significant strengths, Beheshti's theory requires review and reform to fully achieve the goals of religious democracy and adapt to contemporary conditions.